RT Book, Section
A1 Hadley, Michael B.
A1 Rajagopalan, Sanjay
A2 Fuster, Valentin
A2 Narula, Jagat
A2 Vaishnava, Prashant
A2 Leon, Martin B.
A2 Callans, David J.
A2 Rumsfeld, John
A2 Poppas, Athena
SR Print(0)
ID 1191370211
T1 Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
T2 Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e
YR 2022
FD 2022
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264257560
LK accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191370211
RD 2023/02/07
AB Chapter  SummaryThis  chapter  discusses  the  effects  of  air  pollution  on  cardiovascular  risk  factors  and  outcomes.  The  vast  majority  (>90%)  of  the  world’s  population  is  exposed  to  ambient  fine  particulate  matter  air  pollution  that  exceeds  World  Health  Organization  guidelines.  Almost  5  million  deaths  (8.7%  of  global  mortality)  were  attributed  to  air  pollution  in  2017,  and  >50%  of  air  pollution  deaths  are  due  to  cardiovascular  disease.  Indeed,  at  least  one  in  nine  cardiovascular  deaths  are  attributed  to  air  pollution.  Fine  particulate  matter  is  the  component  of  air  pollution  most  linked  to  adverse  cardiovascular  effects;  the  particles  have  diameter  <2.5  μm  and  are  largely  derived  from  fossil-fuel  combustion  from  power  generation,  industrial  emissions,  motorized  vehicles,  and  household  burning  of  solid  fuel.  Inhaled  fine  particulate  matter  triggers  multiple  interdependent  initiating  mechanisms  (see  Fuster  and  Hurst’s  Central  Illustration),  with  subsequent  effector  pathways  leading  to  development  and  exacerbation  of  cardiovascular  risk  factors  such  as  elevated  blood  pressure,  elevated  blood  glucose,  atherosclerosis,  and  myocardial  remodeling.  A  large  body  of  evidence  links  air  pollution  exposure  with  cardiovascular  mortality,  acute  coronary  syndrome,  stroke,  heart  failure,  and  arrhythmias.  Cardiovascular  risk  from  air  pollution  is  modifiable  at  the  individual  and  population  levels.  Various  strategies  for  mitigating  the  harmful  effects  of  air  pollution  are  discussed.