TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Tobacco-Related Cardiovascular Disease A1 - Rigotti, Nancy A. A1 - Kalkhoran, Sara A1 - Benowitz, Neal L. A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Vaishnava, Prashant A2 - Leon, Martin B. A2 - Callans, David J. A2 - Rumsfeld, John S. A2 - Poppas, Athena PY - 2022 T2 - Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e AB - Chapter SummaryThis chapter discusses the epidemiology and pathophysiology of tobacco-related cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the cardiovascular benefits of and effective strategies for cessation of tobacco use (see Fuster and Hurst’s Central Illustration). Around 20% of annual cardiovascular deaths are attributed to cigarette smoking. The oxidizing chemicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species), volatile organic compounds (such as acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde), particulates, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and nicotine found in tobacco smoke are all thought to contribute to CVD. Smoking has been associated with the development of multiple cardiovascular conditions and events, and smoking cessation results in an immediate reduction in the risk of cardiac events, which continues to decline rapidly. Behavioral support and pharmacotherapy are effective strategies for smoking cessation, and combining these strategies produces the best results. Approved pharmacotherapies include nicotine-replacement therapy (available in the form of patches, gum, lozenges, oral inhalers, and nasal sprays), varenicline, and bupropion. The long-term health effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are not well established and clinicians should thus recommend the use of smoking cessation treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/09 UR - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1202442386 ER -