TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - ENVIRONMENT AND HEART DISEASE A1 - Landrigan, Philip J. A1 - Morland, Kimberly A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Harrington, Robert A. A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Eapen, Zubin J. PY - 2017 T2 - Hurst's The Heart, 14e AB - SummaryThis chapter discusses environmental threats to cardiovascular disease (see accompanying Hurst’s Central Illustration). Many cardiovascular conditions have been linked to environmental exposures. In air pollution, particulate matter has been associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, stroke, and cardiac mortality, and carbon monoxide has been linked to ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Exposure to metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, cobalt, and thallium, is associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease, and cardiac death. Halogenated hydrocarbons, including halogenated alkanes and solvents, are associated with arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, degenerative arteritis, and cardiac death. Exposure to organophosphate insecticides has been linked to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Nitrate exposure has been strongly associated with angina, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death, and exposure to carbon disulphide is linked to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Additionally, chronic exposure to noise is associated with increased risk for hypertension, and subsequent risk for myocardial infarction and stroke. Finally, the increased surface temperatures related to global climate change are expected to increase death from heart disease and stroke. Given the widespread exposure of the general population to multiple potential environmental threats, every physician is advised to obtain a brief history of occupational and environmental exposure from every new patient and to follow up in more detail if suspicious of toxic exposure. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/10 UR - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191189393 ER -