TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Intracardiac Echocardiography in the Catheterization Laboratory A1 - Nieman, Koen A1 - Lee, David P. A1 - Silvestry, Frank E. A2 - Samady, Habib A2 - Fearon, William F. A2 - Yeung, Alan C. A2 - King III, Spencer B. PY - 2017 T2 - Interventional Cardiology, 2e AB - Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) modality that provides diagnostic imaging of cardiac structures from within the heart and has become widely used for guiding noncoronary interventions in the catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories. The first IVUS catheters used high-frequency transducers (20-40 MHz) containing a single ultrasound crystal that rapidly rotated at the end of the catheter, producing a radial 2-dimensional image.1 This type of high-frequency IVUS transducer provides excellent spatial resolution in the near field, making it uniquely suited for imaging the coronary arteries and other small vessels. The main limitation of IVUS in this frequency domain, however, is the short imaging depth (several millimeters).1,2 To accomplish ICE imaging from atria to apex, lower frequency transducers (5-12 MHz) have been miniaturized and mounted onto catheters capable of percutaneous insertion and manipulation within the heart.1,3-7 These lower frequency transducers are capable of greater tissue penetration and imaging depth, permitting high-resolution two-dimensional imaging of the whole heart.2,8-11 The earliest experiences with such low-frequency ICE catheters were described in the late 1970s and early 1980s.3,4 More recently, with the introduction of the newest phased array transducers, full Doppler flow data can be obtained. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146596094 ER -