TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Myocarditis A1 - Arbustini, Eloisa A1 - Toro, Alessandro Di A1 - Urtis, Mario A1 - Pinney, Sean A1 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Vaishnava, Prashant A2 - Leon, Martin B. A2 - Callans, David J. A2 - Rumsfeld, John S. A2 - Poppas, Athena Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e AB - Chapter SummaryThis chapter reviews inflammatory heart diseases; their infectious, autoimmune/immune-mediated, and toxic etiology; diagnostic algorithms; pathologic characteristics; clinical manifestations; and management (see Fuster and Hurst’s Central Illustration). The most common etiology of infectious myocarditis is viral; immune-mediated myocarditis is often related to underlying systemic autoimmune diseases, and the most common toxic causes include drugs. The term myocarditis is the key descriptor of myocardial inflammation; it does not specify the immune phenotype of inflammatory cells or the cause. The diagnostic process involves suspicion based on clinical presentation of recent onset of symptoms in previously healthy individuals with exposure to infectious or toxic agents, detection of suggestive imaging abnormalities, and demonstration of the histological evidence of myocardial inflammation with an effort to define etiologic basis. Treatment aims at resolution of the cause, when known, and at the management of cardiac manifestations, regardless of the cause, according to guidelines addressing the clinical phenotype. In most cases, acute myocarditis undergoes spontaneous resolution, but it can evolve toward chronic inflammatory disease with the most common phenotype mimicking dilated-hypokinetic cardiomyopathy. Recent reports have suggested that in some of the viral infections, the viral genome may be chromosomally incorporated and eventually transmitted. Finally, more eventful outcomes are observed when inflammation occurs in patients genetically predisposed to develop dilated cardiomyopathy. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/05 UR - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1202454811 ER -