TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMOKING AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE
A1  - Agarwal, Sunil K.
A1  - Maslov, Petra
A1  - Narula, Jagat
A1  - Fuster, Valentin
A2  - Fuster, Valentin
A2  - Harrington, Robert A.
A2  - Narula, Jagat
A2  - Eapen, Zubin J.
Y1  - 2017
N1  - 
T2  - Hurst's The Heart, 14e
AB  - SummaryThis  chapter  discusses  the  epidemiology  of  cigarette  smoking,  particularly  with  regard  to  cardiovascular  disease,  and  the  pathophysiology  of  smoking-induced  cardiovascular  damage  (see  accompanying  Hurst’s  Central  Illustration).  The  majority  of  smokers  are  male.  Globally,  cigarette  smoking  is  the  leading  cause  of  preventable  cardiovascular  morbidity  and  mortality,  with  around  one  in  ten  cardiovascular  deaths  still  attributed  to  smoking.  Smoking  has  been  associated  with  the  development  of  multiple  cardiovascular  conditions,  including  atherosclerosis,  myocardial  infarction,  stroke,  peripheral  arterial  disease,  and  abdominal  aortic  aneurysms.  Three  constituents  of  cigarette  smoke  have  been  shown  to  have  a  role  in  the  initiation  and  progression  of  cardiovascular  disease:  nicotine,  carbon  monoxide  (CO),  and  reactive  oxygen  species  (ROS).  Nicotine  is  the  main  cause  of  the  smoking-induced  hemodynamic  changes,  although  CO  has  also  been  implicated.  Free  radicals,  ROS,  and  reactive  aldehydes  from  cigarette  smoke  are  involved  in  the  development  of  endothelial  dysfunction,  through  negative  effects  on  endothelial  nitric  oxide  (NO)  production.  Various  components  of  cigarette  smoke  have  been  shown  to  induce  processes  involved  in  cardiac  remodelling,  and  cigarette  smoke  is  also  known  to  induce  a  prothrombotic  state,  vascular  inflammation,  alterations  of  lipid  profile,  and  changes  to  glucose  metabolism.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191187164
ER  -