TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Mitral Regurgitation A1 - Bax, Jeroen J. A1 - Marsan, Nina Ajmone A1 - Bijl, Pieter van der A1 - Treede, Hendrik A1 - DeBonis, Michele A1 - Prendergast, Bernard A1 - Iung, Bernard A1 - Delgado, Victoria A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Vaishnava, Prashant A2 - Leon, Martin B. A2 - Callans, David J. A2 - Rumsfeld, John A2 - Poppas, Athena PY - 2022 T2 - Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e AB - Chapter SummaryThis chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR). MR is the most frequent valve disease in the population (estimated prevalence 20%) and, as a disease of the elderly, prevalence will increase steeply over the next few decades. Primary MR results from valvular abnormalities whereas secondary MR is a consequence of left ventricular dysfunction/dilatation or left atrial enlargement/dysfunction (see Fuster and Hurst's Central Illustration). Significant MR is associated with high morbidity/mortality when left untreated, with 5-year survival of 46 ± 3% in secondary MR and 66 ± 3% in primary MR. Still, most MR patients are treated conservatively. MR diagnosis/quantification is performed with two- and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, which provides anatomical and functional information to understand the MR pathophysiology. Cardiac magnetic resonance is ideal for MR quantification. When transcatheter mitral valve repair/replacement is being considered, detailed anatomical imaging of the mitral valve (including annular calcification) can be provided by cardiac computed tomography. Surgical therapies and transcatheter mitral valve repair/replacement are discussed, and a summary of the recommendations from the latest ESC/EACTS and ACC/AHA guidelines for treatment of primary and secondary MR is provided. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2023/02/07 UR - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191373652 ER -