TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Tobacco-Related Cardiovascular Disease
A1  - Rigotti, Nancy A.
A1  - Kalkhoran, Sara
A1  - Benowitz, Neal L.
A2  - Fuster, Valentin
A2  - Narula, Jagat
A2  - Vaishnava, Prashant
A2  - Leon, Martin B.
A2  - Callans, David J.
A2  - Rumsfeld, John S.
A2  - Poppas, Athena
PY  - 2022
T2  - Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e
AB  - Chapter  SummaryThis  chapter  discusses  the  epidemiology  and  pathophysiology  of  tobacco-related  cardiovascular  disease  (CVD),  as  well  as  the  cardiovascular  benefits  of  and  effective  strategies  for  cessation  of  tobacco  use  (see  Fuster  and  Hurst’s  Central  Illustration).  Around  20%  of  annual  cardiovascular  deaths  are  attributed  to  cigarette  smoking.  The  oxidizing  chemicals  (reactive  oxygen  and  nitrogen  species),  volatile  organic  compounds  (such  as  acrolein,  acetaldehyde,  and  formaldehyde),  particulates,  carbon  monoxide,  heavy  metals,  and  nicotine  found  in  tobacco  smoke  are  all  thought  to  contribute  to  CVD.  Smoking  has  been  associated  with  the  development  of  multiple  cardiovascular  conditions  and  events,  and  smoking  cessation  results  in  an  immediate  reduction  in  the  risk  of  cardiac  events,  which  continues  to  decline  rapidly.  Behavioral  support  and  pharmacotherapy  are  effective  strategies  for  smoking  cessation,  and  combining  these  strategies  produces  the  best  results.  Approved  pharmacotherapies  include  nicotine-replacement  therapy  (available  in  the  form  of  patches,  gum,  lozenges,  oral  inhalers,  and  nasal  sprays),  varenicline,  and  bupropion.  The  long-term  health  effects  of  electronic  cigarettes  (e-cigarettes)  are  not  well  established  and  clinicians  should  thus  recommend  the  use  of  smoking  cessation  treatments  approved  by  the  US  Food  and  Drug  Administration  (FDA)  first.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1202442386
ER  -