Appendix B

Electrolytes (inorganic)

• Cations

Sodium (Na⁺)

136–145 mEq/L

Potassium (K⁺)

3.5–5.0 mEq/L

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

2.1–3.7 mEq/L

Magnesium (Mg²⁺)

1.2–1.8 mEq/L

Iron (Fe³⁺)

60–160 μg/dL

Copper (Cu²⁺)

70–155 μg/dL

Hydrogen (H⁺)

35–45 nmol/L (pH = 7.35–7.45)

• Anions

Chloride (Cl⁻)

95–105 mEq/L

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)

23–28 mEq/L

Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

0.9–1.1 mEq/L

Phosphate (HPO₄²⁻ mostly)

2.5–4.5 mg/dL

Proteins

Total (7% of plasma weight)

6–8 g/dL

Albumin

3.4–5.0 g/dL

Globulins

2.2–4.0 g/dL

Fibrinogen

150–400 mg/dL

Lipids

Cholesterol—Total

<200 mg/dL

LDL cholesterol

<100 mg/dL

HDL cholesterol

>60 mg/dL

Triglycerides

<150 mg/dL

Carbohydrates

Glucose

80–120 mg/dL

Lactate

0.67–1.8 mEq/L

Waste products

Uric acid (from nucleic acids)

2.6–7.0 mg/dL

Blood urea nitrogen (from protein)

7–20 mg/dL

Creatinine (from creatine)

0.5–1.1 mg/dL

Bilirubin (from heme)

0.3–1.0 mg/dL