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Chapter 3. Cardiac Anatomy for the Interventionalist
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During a mitral valve clip procedure, which of the following would be true when orienting the device?
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A. When crossing the septum, the device catheter should be pointed posteriorly to best cross the mitral valve.
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B. To clip medial or lateral parts of the valve, the clip may need to be rotated to be perpendicular to the coaptation plane.
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C. The location of the transseptal puncture is less important than the direction of the catheter.
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D. A patent foramen ovale can be used to cross the septum and deliver the device, avoiding the need for a transseptal puncture.
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Which of the following is least likely to increase the risk of pacemaker implants during a transcatheter aortic valve replacement?
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A. A low implant position in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).
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B. Dense LVOT calcification.
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C. A preexisting right bundle branch block.
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D. Transapical approach to the implant.
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E. Use of a self-expanding prosthesis instead of a balloon-expanding prosthesis.
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When closing an atrial septal defect, which rim, when missing, is most likely to increase the risk of device embolization and why?
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A. Retroaortic rim due to motion of the aorta.
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B. Retroaortic rim due to tension on the device by the delivery cable.
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C. Posterior rim due to limited atrial space.
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D. Inferior vena cava rim due to tension on the device by the delivery cable.
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E. Inferior vena cava rim due to proximity to the tricuspid valve.
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In which of the following interventions is there no risk of coronary artery injury or occlusion?
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A. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
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B. Coronary sinus annuloplasty.
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C. Device closure of an atrial septal defect.
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D. Transcatheter valve implantation in the pulmonic position.
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