19TH CENTURY Drainage of pericardial effusion (1810) Introduction of ether anesthesia (1842) Removal of foreign body from heart (1873) Surgical closure of stab wound of heart (1896) 20TH CENTURY 1900-1925 End-to-end arterial anastomosis (1902) Animal heart transplantation (1905) Arterial patch graft (1910) Coronary artery bypass in animal (1910) Insufflation endotracheal anesthesia (1910) Attempted external dilatation of aortic stenosis (1912) Pericardial resection for constriction (1913) Sympathectomy (1917) Mitral stenosis valvulotomy (1923) Pulmonary embolectomy (1924) Lumbar sympathectomy (1925) Mitral stenosis dilatation by finger (1925) 1926-1950 Cardio-omentopexy (1930s) Thyroidectomy for angina pectoris (1933) Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (1938) Coarctation repair (1944) Subclavian artery to pulmonary artery anastomosis for tetralogy of Fallot (Blalock-Taussig shunt, 1944) Cardiac missile removal (World War II) Side-to-side anastomosis of aorta to pulmonary artery for tetralogy of Fallot (Potts procedure, 1946) Valvotomy for pulmonic stenosis (Brock procedure, 1947) Closed mitral commissurotomy (1948) Resection of infundibulum of right ventricle (1948) Atrial septostomy (Blalock-Hanlon procedure, 1950) Internal mammary tunnel implant into myocardium (Vineberg, 1950) Hypothermia (1950) 1951-1975 Closure of atrial septal defects (1950s) First prosthetic ball valve—into aorta for aortic regurgitation (1952) Resection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (1952) Extracorporeal circulation (1953) Pulmonary artery banding (1953) Aortic dissection repair (1954) Carotid endarterectomy (1954) Closure of ventricular septal defect (1954) Cross-circulation of oxygenated blood (1954) Tetralogy of Fallot repair (1954) Potassium cardioplegia (1955) Aortic valvotomy (1956, 1958) Transection of ventricular septum for idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (1957) Resection of ventricular aneurysm (1958) Superior vena cava to pulmonary artery shunt (Glenn procedure, 1959) Transposition of great vessels repair (Senning procedure, 1959) Aortic ball and cage valve (1960) Implantable pacemaker (1960) Mitral ball and cage valve replacement (1960) Excision of ventricular aneurysm (1961) Atrioventricular synchronous pacemaker (1962) Homograft valve (1962) Intra-aortic balloon pump (1962) Aortopulmonary window (Waterston procedure, 1963) Catheter embolectomy (Fogarty procedure, 1963) Left ventricular assist (1963) Transposition of aorta with intra-atrial baffle (Mustard procedure, 1963) Double-outlet right ventricle repair (1964) Internal mammary artery to coronary artery bypass (1964) Pulmonary autograft for aortic valve disease (Ross procedure, 1966) Cardiac transplantation (1967) Saphenous vein to coronary artery bypass (1968) Truncus arteriosus repair (1968) Wolff-Parkinson-White surgery (1968) Extracardiac conduit (Rastelli procedure, 1969) Heart and lung transplant (1969) Tilting disk valve (1969) Bioprosthetic valve (1970) Connection of right atrial appendage to pulmonary artery for tricuspid atresia (Fontan procedure, 1970) Annuloplasty ring (1971) Bovine pericardial valve (1971) Mitral valve repair (1971) Stenting of patent ductus arteriosus (1971) Lithium battery pacemaker (1972) Porcine valve (1975) 1976-1999 Arterial switch procedure for transposition of great vessels (1976) Tilting disk valve (1977) Bileaflet hinged valve (1977) Pericardial valve (1980) Dual-chamber pacing (1980) Automatic implanted defibrillator (1980) Transmyocardial laser (1981) Artificial heart (1982) Antitachycardia pacemaker (1982) Heart transplants in infants with hypoplastic left heart (1984) Catheter ablation of Wolff-Parkinson-White (1984) Cardiomyoplasty (1985) Coronary artery stents (1986) Modified Fontan procedure for single ventricle (late 1980s) Directional atherectomy (1993) Biphasic cardioversion-defibrillation (1996) Carotid artery stent (1997) Minimally invasive bypass surgery (1997) Robotic surgery (1998) 21ST CENTURY 2000-Present Drug-eluting stent (2001) Ventricular assist device (2002) Automated external defibrillator (2002) Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (2011) Noninvasive mitral repair (2013) Bioabsorbable coronary stent (2016) |