RT Book, Section
A1 Garvey, W. Timothy
A1 Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
A2 Fuster, Valentin
A2 Harrington, Robert A.
A2 Narula, Jagat
A2 Eapen, Zubin J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1191186596
T1 OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
T2 Hurst's The Heart, 14e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071843249
LK accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191186596
RD 2024/04/19
AB SummaryThis  chapter  discusses  obesity  and  how  it  impacts  on  cardiovascular  health  and  disease.  Global  prevalence  of  obesity  has  increased  considerably  over  the  past  30  years,  impacting  profoundly  on  morbidity,  mortality,  and  healthcare  costs.  In  the  majority  of  individuals,  susceptibility  to  this  chronic  disease  depends  on  the  inheritance  of  multiple  genes,  each  conferring  a  very  small  relative  risk;  monogenic  forms  of  obesity  are  rare.  Lifestyle  factors—including  dietary  patterns,  physical  activity,  stress,  sleep  hygiene,  and  circadian  rhythms—also  have  important  roles  in  the  development  of  obesity.  Direct  effects  of  the  excess  adipose  tissue  on  other  organ  systems  contribute  to  increased  cardiovascular  risk  in  obese  individuals  (see  accompanying  Hurst's  Central  Illustration).  The  adverse  health  effects  of  excess  adiposity  manifest  by  the  development  of  weight-related  complications  and  the  emergence  of  risk  factors  for  those  complications.  In  obese  individuals,  pathophysiological  adaptations  (such  as  in  the  hypothalamic  regulation  of  appetite)  make  it  challenging  to  reduce  adiposity  and  maintain  any  weight  loss.  Recommended  therapeutic  strategies  for  obese  individuals  involve  lifestyle  intervention  (including  dietary  changes,  increases  in  physical  activity,  and  behavioural  therapy),  pharmacotherapy,  and  bariatric  surgery.  Weight  loss  reduces  risk  of  type  2  diabetes  mellitus,  lowers  blood  pressure,  and  results  in  lower  triglyceride  and  LDL  cholesterol  levels  and  higher  HDL  cholesterol  levels.