RT Book, Section A1 White, Christopher J. A2 Samady, Habib A2 Fearon, William F. A2 Yeung, Alan C. A2 King III, Spencer B. SR Print(0) ID 1146605591 T1 Carotid and Vertebral Artery Intervention T2 Interventional Cardiology, 2e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071820363 LK accesscardiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146605591 RD 2024/04/24 AB The era of percutaneous or endovascular revascularization techniques was ushered in by Dotter in 1964, and then advanced by Gruentzig with the invention of the balloon angioplasty catheter. The technique of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been used in both peripheral and coronary vessels to great success and, in many circumstances, has largely replaced surgical therapy as the treatment choice. The use of PTA in the extracranial carotid circulation began in Europe. In a worldwide survey of carotid intervention published in 1998, the specialty of cardiology was dominant, responsible for more than 60% of all the reported cases. Cardiologists have continued to lead this field with the development of embolic protection devices (EPDs); initially proven in saphenous vein graft intervention, cardiologists are already comfortable using this technology.